pulp magazines or pulp fiction often referred to as the pulps were inexpensive fiction magazines, pulp were published from 1896 through the 1950s. The typical pulp magazine was seven inches wide by ten inches high, a half an inch thick, and 128 pages long. Pulps were printed on cheap paper with ragged, untrimmed edges. In pulp first decades, pulp were most often priced at ten cents, while competing slicks were 25 cents.
The name pulp comes from the cheap wood pulp paper on which the magazines were printed. Magazines pulp printed on better paper were called glossies or slicks. Pulps were the successor to the penny dreadfuls, dime novels, and short fiction pulp magazines of the nineteenth century, many respected writers wrote for pulps, the magazines are best remembered for their lurid and exploitative stories and sensational cover art. Modern superhero comic books are sometimes considered descendants of hero pulps pulp magazines often featured illustrated novel.
Pulp covers, printed in color on higher quality paper, were famous for their half dressed damsels in distress, usually awaiting a rescuing hero. Cover art played a major part in the marketing of pulp magazines, and a number of the most successful cover artists became as popular as the authors featured on the interior pages. Later pulps began to feature interior illustrations, depicting elements of the stories.
The first pulp is considered to be revamped argosy magazine, about 135,000 words per issue on pulp paper with untrimmed edges and no illustrations, not even on the cover. While the steam powered printing pulp press had been in widespread use for some time, enabling the boom in dime novels, no one had combined cheap printing, cheap paper and cheap authors in a package that provided affordable entertainment to working class people.
In the empire, a free imperial city was a city formally ruled by the emperor only as opposed to the majority of free cities in the empire, which were governed by one of the many princes of the empire, free cities also had independent representation in the reichstag of the Empire. Imperial free cities were those formally ruled by secular princes. As vassals of the free emperor, they paid taxes to the emperor and had to supply troops for his military campaigns.
Free cities were those formally ruled by a prince bishop. They were not required to pay imperial taxes or raise troops except during a crusade, and had other additional rights and privileges. The free cities gained independence from their prince bishops.
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