Groping, when used in a sexual form, is touching or fondling another person in a sexual way. Areas of the body most frequently groped include the genitals, buttocks, breasts and thighs. When done without permission or against the will of another person, this can be considered a form of sexual abuse or sexual harassment.
Groping generally takes place between consenting adults while making out, groping without consent takes place in crowded places like busy streets, markets or mass transit systems.
Chikan is the Japanese term used to refer to frotteurism, or men who commit such acts the term for women who commit such acts is chijo. Crowded trains are a favourite location for chikan and chijo, and a 2001 survey conducted in two Tokyo high schools revealed that more than 70% of the students had been groped on them.
As part of the effort to combat the problem, some railway companies designate women only passenger cars during rush hours. While the term is not defined in the Japanese legal system, vernacular usage of the word describes acts that violate several laws.
Crowded trains are the most frequent targets, another common setting are bicycle parking areas, where people bent over unlocking locks are targets. Chikan is often featured in Japanese pornography.
The issue of groping in Japan does not just affect females but males as well.
The concern of groping that a film has been made about it. The film I Just Did not Do It by Japanese film director Masayuki Suo, based on a true story, focuses on a male office worker acquitted of groping after a five year legal battle.
The film aims to highlight the issue of groping and challenge the fairness of Japan secretive legal system, which has a 99.9% conviction rate in the criminal courts. An independent legal study has suggested that the reason for the high conviction rate is not a pro conviction bias but is instead attributable to understaffed and under financed prosecutors offices pursuing only the most solid cases.
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