dictionary is a collection of words in a specific language, often listed alphabetically, with definitions, pronunciations, and other information or a book of words in one language with their equivalents in another.
According to Nielsen 2008 a dictionary may be regarded as a lexicographical product that is characterised by three significant features it has been prepared for one or more functions it contains data that have been selected for the purpose of fulfilling those functions and its lexicographic structures link and establish relationships between the data.
The Book of Sentences had its precursor in the glosses by the masters who lectured using Saint Jerome Latin translation of the Bible. A gloss might concern syntax or grammar, or it might be on some difficult point of doctrine.
These glosses, were not continuous, rather being placed between the lines or in the margins of the biblical text itself. Lombard went a step further, collecting texts from various sources and compiling them into one coherent whole.
In order to accomplish this, the Lombard had to address two tasks first, that of devising an order for his material, because systematic theology had not yet been constituted as a discipline, and secondly, finding ways to reconcile doctrinal differences among his sources. Peter Abelard Sic et Non provided crucial inspiration for the latter tasks.
The Lombard arranged his material from the Bible and the Church Fathers in four books, then subdivided this material further into chapters. Probably between 1223 and 1227, Alexander of Hales grouped the many chapters of the four books into a smaller number.
In this form, the book was widely adopted as a theological textbook in the high and late Middle Ages. A commentary on the Sentences was required of every master of theology, and was part of the examination system. At the end of lectures on the Lombard work, a student could apply for bachelor status within the theology faculty.
The importance of the Sentences to medieval theology and philosophy lies to a significant extent in the overall framework that they provide to theological and philosophical discussion. All the great scholastic thinkers, such as, wrote commentaries on the Sentences.
These works were not exactly commentaries, for the Sentences were really a compilation of sources, and Peter Lombard left many questions open, giving later scholars an opportunity to provide their own answers.
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